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"Beyond doubt, Charles Sanders Peirce was one of the most original minds of the later nineteenth century and certainly the greatest American thinker ever." Bertrand Russell, 1959In this article, Peirce directly attacks the faulty foundations of the Cartesian philosophies which assume an "unrealistic" account of human cognition. According to Descartes reasoning alone is sufficient for determining absolute truths about nature and universe. Peirce argues that we do not have such reasoning powers, and what Descartes and his followers offered were tainted by their anthropomorphic tendencies.Peirce then identifies some cognitive faculties that were inaccurately assumed by the Cartesian thinkers. Even today, our sciences of cognition (psychology, cognitive science, linguistics, neuroscience, etc.) consider these mistaken faculties for human beings. As a result, almost all the research on our mental abilities is corrupted with this archaic Carteasian nonsense.Some BackgroundCharles Sanders Peirce was the founder of Pragmatism which is a theory for right reasoning. In his Pragmatist theory of cognition, Peirce argues that the majority of people are impoverished when it comes to their reasoning abilities. Poor reasoning leads to poor ideas which eventually lead to under-developed intellect. That is why many people are terrible at problem-solving, decision making, and planning. They lack the solid foundations of reasoning. Without a sharp reason, all higher cognitions are doomed to be mediocre.In this article, young Peirce directly attacks the foundations of the Cartesian philosophy of cognition and the epistemology assumed by it. According to Peirce, humans do not have the power of determining absolute truths just by thinking about them, which was a proposition hold by the Cartesian philosophies. Moreover, Peirce argues that no philosophies can start with the "absolute doubt." As we all know, Descartes begins with doubting everything, including his own existence. For Peirce, this is just "verbal philosophizing," and one simply cannot "doubt" his own existence.This article was the very first attack against Cartesianism. It was followed by even stronger blows, and finally with the birth of Pragmatism.The other articles in the series:https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0877C9Y9Y (The Fixation of Belief)https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0877F8XST (How to Make Our Ideas Clear)https://www.amazon.com/dp/B088HGP7SW (Some Consequences of Four Incapacities)The series is written in the simplest manner possible so anyone can read. The only prerequisite is common sense.If you are interested in discovering the foundations of logical thinking, then click "Buy now with 1-click" button and make this series a part of your collection.
eBook details
- Title: Questions Concerning Certain Faculties Claimed for Man: a Critique of Consciousness, Innateness, Introspection and Cartesian Philosophies of Mind (Readings in Pragmatism Book 3)
- Author : Charles Sanders Peirce
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- Genre: Kindle Store,Kindle eBooks,Politics & Social Sciences
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